Labetalol, whether administered orally or intravenously, can cause several side effects. The most common are bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and nausea. Monitor heart rate and blood pressure frequently, especially during the initial administration and titration phases. If bradycardia develops, reduce the infusion rate or temporarily discontinue the infusion. Atropine may be considered if the bradycardia is symptomatic. For hypotension, slow or stop the infusion and consider elevating the patient’s legs.
Managing Specific Side Effects
Nausea is often mild and may resolve spontaneously. Antiemetics can be used if needed. Less common but potentially serious side effects include dizziness, fatigue, and bronchospasm. Dizziness and fatigue are usually managed by slowing the infusion rate or adjusting the dosage. Bronchospasm is rare, especially in patients without underlying respiratory disease. If it occurs, discontinue labetalol and administer appropriate bronchodilators. Always consider the patient’s clinical status and any pre-existing conditions when managing side effects. Close monitoring and prompt intervention are crucial for safe labetalol administration.
Rare, but serious adverse events include heart block and liver dysfunction. These require immediate medical attention and discontinuation of labetalol. A thorough assessment of the patient’s medical history prior to labetalol administration helps to identify those at higher risk for these complications.
