Metformin and pioglitazone, while effective in managing type 2 diabetes, can cause side effects. Metformin commonly leads to gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal bloating. These effects often lessen with continued use or by taking the medication with food. Less frequent but more serious side effects include lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially fatal condition characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. Patients with kidney problems are at higher risk.
Pioglitazone carries a different set of potential risks. Fluid retention, leading to edema (swelling) in the ankles and legs, is relatively common. Weight gain is another potential side effect. More seriously, pioglitazone may increase the risk of fractures, heart failure, and bladder cancer. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and weight is recommended for patients on pioglitazone.
Both medications can interact with other drugs. Consult your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking before starting treatment with metformin or pioglitazone. Regular blood tests are usually recommended to monitor kidney function (for metformin) and liver function (for both medications). Report any concerning side effects to your doctor immediately. Open communication with your healthcare provider is vital for safe and effective management of your diabetes.
